Rewilding generally enhances resilience with nearly 70% of observations reporting positive outcomes, 10% neutral and 20% negative.
Most rewilding projects aim at recovering biodiversity or disturbance stochasticity, while enhancing connectivity is underrepresented, highlighting a gap in addressing this ecological function for post-disturbance recovery.
Negative effects of rewilding mostly corresponded to projects focused on enhancing biodiversity when facing abiotic disturbances (e.g., wildfires, drought events), emphasizing the context-dependent nature in the outcomes of rewilding and its potential limitations.
Interventions such as herbivore and native plant introductions and invasive plant removals enhanced resilience to biotic disturbances by maintaining native plant community structure and controlling invasive species.
Rewilding showed positive but non-significant effects on socio-ecological resilience indicating a need for integrated approaches which also target social components.
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